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Aim of this Module
To provide an introduction of how further statistical concepts can be used to test relevant quantities that describe populations. This is with a view to inferring whether the observed results are a matter of chance or something else.
Objectives of this Module
- To introduce the logic and the terminology that are associated with hypothesis tests, including 'p-value', 'power' and 'statistical significance';
- To illustrate how hypothesis tests are conducted in the simplest settings of one-sample tests of continuous data, and one-sample tests of categorical data;
- To describe how hypothesis test considerations often underpin sample size calculations at the design stage of a study;
- To list numerous specific reasons why p-values need to be treated with caution
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